By: Ayesha Khan

As we welcome November, we also recognize Epilepsy Awareness Month. According to the World Health Organization, about 50 million people worldwide live with epilepsy making it known as one of the most common neurological diseases in the world. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that is characterized by the presence of recurrent, unprovoked seizures which can result from sudden bursts of abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Epilepsy can result from a variety of causes, which correspond to a range of clinical presentations. Some cases are genetic with inherited mutations or spontaneous altering the brain’s excitability. Others occur due to structural abnormalities in the brain, such as those caused by traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumors, etc. Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis and autoimmune conditions, along with other developmental or metabolic conditions, can also lead to seizures. Even though there are recognized causes, epilepsy is categorized as idiopathic in about half of cases when no explanation can be found.

Now let’s go over some signs and related symptoms of epileptic seizures. The hallmark symptom of epilepsy is recurring seizures however the manifestation of symptoms can vary depending on the type of seizure one has. Symptoms may include sudden loss of awareness or consciousness, uncontrolled muscle jerks, or collapse due to loss of muscle tone. While others can be more subtle, such as blank staring, temporary confusion, slowed thinking, or slowed speech and thinking. Sensory abnormalities such as strange flavors, scents, or tingling can also be brought on by seizures. In addition, some people may have psychic symptoms like sudden increased anxiety, déjà vu, or nausea, while some have autonomic symptoms such as chills, a racing heartbeat, or an upset stomach. Since the majority of people frequently experience the same kind of seizure, their symptoms frequently exhibit a recognizable pattern. Neurologists can better categorize seizures and customize treatment plans thanks to this constancy.

For those living with epilepsy, they have other difficulties beyond just seizures. In addition to driving restrictions and career obstacles, people with epilepsy may also be at higher risk of accidents or sudden unexpected death (SUDEP). Misinformation and stigma can also have a detrimental effect on mental health, causing social isolation, anxiety, and sadness. In addition to improving health outcomes of those affected, increasing epilepsy awareness also helps to promote acceptance and knowledge within communities and lessen discrimination.

Despite its complexity, epilepsy can be a manageable condition. We can lessen stigma and assist individuals impacted by being aware of its causes, symptoms, and effects. This November, Epilepsy Awareness Month reminds us to stand in solidarity to support the epilepsy community and to keep pushing for more research, better treatment, and better quality of life.